Substitution of debtor in obligatory legal relationships

Arenium ions are not obligatory intermediates in electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Our computational and experimental investigation of the reaction of anisole with Cl2 in nonpolar CCl4 solution challenges two fundamental tenets of the traditional SEAr (arenium ion) mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution. Instead of this direct substitution process, the alternative addition-elimination (AE) pathway is favored energetically. This AE mechanism rationalizes the preferre...

Legal Presumption of the Further Liability of Creditor on Breaches by Supplier in Debtor-Creditor-Supplier Agreements

Abstract In tri-lateral consumer credit agreements, Recognition legal liability of lender on breaches by supplier is based on two undeniable realities: 1- close relations of lender and supplier so that they seem to be a Joint venture. 2- Responding the requirements of distributive justice and supporting the consumers as the weaker party by imposing all losses incurred by consumers due to any b...

The Debtor Is Dead, Long Live the Debtor*

Bankruptcy reorganization in the United States has traditionally offered a bankrupt debtor the opportunity to seek a “fresh start” from its creditors and reorder its affairs to move forward without the pressure of outstanding debts.1 Though this may be just one of many aims promoted by the current bankruptcy framework,2 the architecture of the present-day Bankruptcy Code (the Code)—implemented ...

In Re the Small Debtor

legal situation of estate of a debtor deceased in settlement period

making a balance between rights of creditors and heirs asto the estate of a debtor deceased is among mostfundamental juristic problems which has been taken intoconsideration by shi’a jurists from a long time ago.discussions such as rights of debtors as to the estate,statusof definite disposal of the estate by heirs before settlement,and the like can be surveyed in this connection. theproblem of...